Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-? mRNA expression in an immortalized microglial cell line and cortical astrocyte cultures

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Abstract
Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1) is a recently characterized inflammatory and chemokinetic cytokine. Proinflammatory stimuli have been shown to induce expression of MIP-1 by macrophages. We hypothesized that microglia and astrocytes express MIP-1α because of their many immunologic similarities to macrophages. MIP-1α mRNA was examined with quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction in an immortalized mouse microglial cell line (BV-2) and in mouse cortical astrocyte cultures. We found that in both the BV-2 microglial cell line and in astrocyte cultures, MIP-1α mRNA was strongly induced by lipopolysaccharide and the phorbol ester PMA. MIP-1α mRNA was reduced by dBcAMP, interferon-γ, and PGE1. Dexamethasone decreased MIP-1α mRNA levels in astrocyte cultures, but not in BV-2 microglial cells. Interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor α and MIP-1α had no effect on MIP-1α mRNA is expression. These findings demonstrate that MIP-1α mRNA is expressed by cultured glial cells and is regulated by proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory stimuli. MIP-1α may be expressed by microglia and astrocytes in vivo, and may help modulate cerebral inflammation.

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