Single-mode buried channel waveguide by single-step electromigration technique using silver film

Abstract
Single-mode buried channel waveguides with circularly symmetric mode field distribution compatible with conventional single-mode fibers at 1.3 μm wavelength were fabricated and characterized for the first time using a novel single-step ion exchange process from silver films. The technique is relatively simple and eliminates the gold electrode deposition used in previously reported fabrication methods.