32×32 arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexerwithuniform loss and cyclic frequency characteristics

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Abstract
A 32 × 32 arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer with uniform loss and cyclic frequency characteristics has been fabricated on a silica-based planar lightwave circuit. The device consists of an 80-channel arrayed-waveguide multiplexer with 100 GHz spacing and 32 optical combiners which are connected to the 72 output waveguides of the multiplexer. The peak-to-peak loss and channel centre frequency variations are 1.2 dB and 22.3 GHz, respectively, for entire 32 × 32 input/output combinations. These values have been substantially improved from conventional arrayed-waveguide multiplexers with peak-to-peak loss and centre frequency variations of 4.7 dB and 75.6 GHz, respectively.