The Renal and Ureteral Changes Induced by Dilating the Ureter

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Abstract
Greene detd. the effects of ureteral dilation on ureter and kidney in [female] dogs. Each dilatation consisted in the passage of 3 or 4 catheters, be- ginning with 5, 6, and 7F catheters. The interval between dilatation-series was 10 days-2 wks. Ureteral peristalsis and urinary output were recorded with a hydrophorograph. In the normal dog, the indigo carmine appearance time is 2-3 mins. Moderate dilatation of the ureter of the dog (9 to 11F.) results in a decrease of the rate and amplitude of ureteral contractions, a decrease of the rate of transmission of urine down the ureter and improved unilateral visualization of the urinary tract by excretory urography. Wide dilatation of the ureter of the dog (14-16F.) results in ureteral hypertonicity, which acts as a functional obstruction and produces acute pyelectasis and ureterectasis. Repeated wide dilatation of the ureter produces permanent hydronephrosis and hydro-ureter. The characteristic histo-logic picture of the hydronephrotic kidney which results from ureteral dilatation is scattered regions of tubular dilatation and collapse. The histologic changes in the ureter which result from dilatation are loss of mucosa, edema of the submucosa, stretching and rupture of the smooth muscle and widespread hemorrhage.