Effect of Acid Scarification on Lupine Seed Impermeability

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Abstract
Examination of the path of liquid entry into impermeable seeds of Lupinus angustifolius (a hard seeded sweet blue strain) after they were scarified in sulfuric acid indicates that entry occurs through either the hilar fissure or pits erroded through the testa. The impermeable layer of the testa is located at the outer edge of the palisade epidermis. Entry was permitted through the hilar fissure due to partial hydrolysis of the counter palisades which normally cause the hilum to close when moisture outside the seed exceeds that on the inside. In normal seeds liquid does not enter through the strophiole.

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