Coalition to Adversary: Citizen Participation in Three Federal Programs

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Abstract
Citizen participation in various forms has been a key element in the Kennedy Administration's Juvenile Delinquency Demonstration Program, OEO's Community Action Program, and now HUD's Model Cities effort. Each of these programs establishes a local planning agency to act as a conduit for federal funds, aims at local program development, and is “comprehensive” in scope. Each encourages organization of the affected citizenry as well as their participation in the policymaking process. This article traces neighborhood involvement from its minor place in the public-private policy coalitions of the Delinquency Program, through expansion of the policy coalition in the CAA's “three-legged stool” (including neighborhood representation), to the Model Cities Program, with its “adversary” relationships with city government and organized black neighborhoods—each possessing independent authority over planning and program development.

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