QUANTITATIVE PREDICTION OF THE IN VIVO INHIBITION OF DIAZEPAM METABOLISM BY OMEPRAZOLE USING RAT LIVER MICROSOMES AND HEPATOCYTES

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Abstract
The diazepam (DZ)-omeprazole (OMP) interaction has been selected as a prototype for an important drug-drug interaction involving cytochrome P450 inhibition. The availability of an in vivo Ki value (unbound Ki, 21 μM) obtained from a series of steady-state inhibitor infusion studies allowed assessment of several in vitroderived predictions of this inhibition interaction. Studies monitoring substrate depletion with time were used to obtain in vitro Ki values that were evaluated against the more traditional metabolite formation approach using microsomes and hepatocytes. OMP inhibited the metabolism of DZ to its primary metabolites 4′-hydroxydiazepam, 3-hydroxydiazepam, and nordiazepam to different extents over a range of concentrations (0.3–150 μM), and a competitive inhibition model best fitted the data. The Ki values observed using the substrate depletion approach (16 ± 3 μM and 7 ± 2 μM in microsomes and hepatocytes, respectively) were in good agreement with the overall weighted Ki values obtained using the standard metabolite formation approach (12 ± 2 μM and 16 ± 5 μM in microsomes and hepatocytes, respectively). In vitro binding and cell uptake studies as well as human serum albumin studies in hepatocytes confirmed the importance of both intracellular and extracellular unbound concentrations of inhibitor when considering inhibition predictions. Both kinetic approaches and both in vitro systems predicted the in vivo interaction well and provide a good example of the ability of in vitro inhibition studies to quantitatively predict an in vivo drug-drug interaction successfully.