The appearance of the UmuD'C protein complex in Escherichia coli switches repair from homologous recombination to SOS mutagenesis

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Abstract
The process of SOS mutagenesis in Escherichia coli requires (i) the replisome enzymes, (ii) RecA protein, and (iii) the formation of the UmuD'C protein complex which appears to help the replisome to resume DNA synthesis across a lesion. We found that the UmuD'C complex is an antagonist of RecA‐mediated recombination. Homologous recombination in an Hfr x F‐ cross decreased as a function of the UmuD'C cell concentration; this effect was challenged by increasing RecA concentration. Recombination of a u.v.‐damaged F‐lac with the lac gene of an F‐ recipient was reduced by increasing the UmuD'C concentration while lac mutagenesis increased, showing an inverse relationship between recombination and SOS mutagenesis. We explain our data with the following model. The kinetics of appearance of the UmuD'C complex after DNA damage is slow, reaching a maximum after an hour. Within that period, excision and recombinational repair have had time to occur. When the UmuD'C concentration relative to the number of residual RecA filaments, not resolved by recombinational repair, becomes high enough, UmuD'C proteins provide a processive factor for the replisome to help replication bypass and repel the standing RecA filament. Thus, at a high enough concentration, the UmuD'C complex will switch repair from recombination to SOS mutagenesis.