Training observers to detect spontaneous deception: Effects of gender

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Abstract
A group of observers were trained to detect deception by instructing them to focus their attention on the reliable behavioral correlates of deception (message duration, response latency, pauses, nonfluencies, adaptors, and hand gestures) and away from unreliable behavioral correlates of deception (e.g., eye contact and leg/feet gestures). Trained observers also practiced detecting deception using this behavioral information. It was predicted that compared with untrained observers, trained observers would detect deception more accurately, but that this effect would be more pronounced for males. It also was predicted that the difference between observers' actual ability to detect deception and their confidence in the accuracy of their judgments would be smaller for trained than for untrained observers. Results were consistent with the first hypothesis; whereas the means were in the predicted direction for the second hypothesis but were not significantly different.

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