Measuring youth outcomes from alcohol and drug treatment

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Abstract
This report examines adolescent alcohol and drug treatment outcome research from a process-oriented, developmental perspective. A dynamic developmental model is proposed in which adolescent treatment outcome research incorporate considerations relevant to changes occurring typically during this stage of life as well as developmental distinctions pertinent to the early onset of abuse and dependence. Findings from our developmentally focused longitudinal research of adolescent treatment participants and the extant literature on adolescent treatment outcome are reviewed. Conceptual, research design and measurement recommendations are presented from this double developmental perspective of addiction. Techniques for engaging youth in the research process, managing confidentiality and facilitating self-disclosure are described. Developmental considerations in the type and timing of outcome assessments, measurement content, predictor domains and data analytical approaches are discussed. Predictors and process measures for adolescent alcohol treatment outcome study are suggested based on current findings. Inclusion of developmental considerations may enhance the utility of adolescent treatment outcome research.