Adaptation des procédés stéréologiques à la mesure des bulles d'air et des fissures dans le béton

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Abstract
Mathematical morphometry is the science of classifying forms through parameters such as length, area, perimeter, and projected length. Image analysers have been built to measure these parameters rapidly. Stereological equations are used to define three-dimensional characteristics from elementary count operations made in a plane.These techniques were used to characterize the air bubble system of six different concretes. All measurements were made on polished sections with a linear traverse apparatus as well as with an image analyser. The precision of the data obtained is about equal with both measuring techniques. The image analyser was able to measure the air content and the spacing factor in one-eighth of the time necessary for a linear traverse; moreover, histograms of the bubble sizes were readily available.Measurements of cracks caused by early freezing of plastic concrete made on the linear traverse apparatus, coupled with total porosity measurements by the image analyser, were used to relate the decrease of compressive strength to the increased crack density.

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