Slipping due to manual exertion

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Abstract
Manual exertions are generally accompanied by tangential forces on the ground at the feet which can cause slip. Normal forces are affected by both body weight and the manual force. A ‘slip chart’ is presented to examine the interactions of these forces and the amount of friction required to avoid slip. Manual strength measurements on a non-slip floor are used to predict the minimum friction required for static exertions. Evidence that strength/weight ratios, direction of exertion and height of the workpiece influence frictional requirements is presented. The high frictional requirements in some conditions suggest that slip should be regarded as an unavoidable phenomenon. The effects of floor gradient, the exertion of torque as well as force and the pattern of development of a force, on destabilization of the foot are discussed.