Vortex Breakdown Effects on the Low-speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of Slender Delta Wings in Symmetrical Flow

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Abstract
Even at small angles of incidence, the flow separates from the sharp leading edges of a slender wing. These flow separations usually lead to the formation of two free vortex layers, joined to the leading edges of the wing and rolling up to form spiral-shaped vortex sheets above the upper surface of the wing. This vortex formation is illustrated schematically in Fig. 1. The streamlines on the vortex sheet follow helical paths. Smoke injected near the wing apex for flow visualisation remains concentrated close to the axis of the core of the vortex sheet.

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