The coagulation of cellulose from anisotropic solutions in the NH3/NH4SCN solvent system

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Abstract
Coagulation of cellulose has been studied in cellulose/ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate anisotropic solutions. The effect of coagulation variables such as coagulant, bath temperature, and cellulose concentration on the coagulation process is reported. The coagulation rate was measured by microscopic observation of the moving boundary associated with coagulation. Results indicate that the coagulation rate increases with increasing cellulose concentration and bath temperature. Methanol has the highest coagulation power among the coagulants employed. Mass transfer rate difference and equilibrium swelling were also measured. The results on the mass transfer rate differences show that the mass transfer rate of NH3/NH4SCN is greater than those of the respective coagulants under all coagulation conditions. The equilibrium swelling decreases with increasing bath temperature and cellulose concentration.