Root resorption following periodontal flap procedures in monkeys

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Abstract
The effect of a periodontal flap procedure, that included citric acid root conditioning and closure of the wounds by suturing of coronally elongated flaps, was studied in mandibular premolars and molars in monkeys. Three months in advance, to prepare for this regenerative procedure, every other tooth in the mandibular posterior segments was extracted and the alveolar bone level reduced to a level approximately 5 mm apical to the cemento‐enamel junction around the remaining teeth. Histologic observations of biopsies removed 6 months after the regenerative surgery disclosed resorption of the treated root surfaces in the majority of specimens. Citric acid treatment of the root surfaces cannot have been primarily responsible for the resorption, as control surfaces, on which acid was not used, also displayed resorption. Resorption occurred most commonly on surfaces in which the junctional epithelium showed limited apical migration and was located 2 mm or more coronal to the apical extent of root planing.