Abstract
Spanish autonomous communities have extensive powers in education, gradually extended since the 1980s. These have been used to engage in region and nation-building at the level of the autonomous communities. There is also a division between the main state-wide parties over secularism and the degree of inequality in the education system. Under the government of the Popular Party (1996–2004) there was an effort to recentralize the educational system, to emphasize conservative values and Spanish national identity.

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