Redundant Pacing: Case Report and Review

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Abstract
A 17-year-old boy with severe sick sinus bradycardia had a doubly redundant pacemaker inserted. With two separate ventricular leads inserted by the epicardial route, the pacemaker is able to compensate for a lead that has developed high threshold by activation of an alternate lead. The two pacing channels of the pulse generator can be programmed independently of one another. In addition, there is a back-up pacing circuit separate from the two primary channels. The pacer can be used with both channels active for continuous automatic redundancy for safety, or with one channel active and the other in reserve.