Theory of Diffusion in Ionic Crystals

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Abstract
A theory of the Schottky defect is given, and an explicit formula is derived for the formation energy in terms of the elastic and dielectric constants. The Einstein model of an ionic solid is the basis for the theory, with ion correlations treated as a perturbation. Also, semiempirical equations are derived for the energy of motion of positive- and negative-ion vacancies, for both self-diffusion and monovalent-impurity diffusion. The theory is applied to several cases, and the agreement with experiment is excellent.