Effect of the oxygen protonation on the electronic structure of urea in the solid state: A 14N NQR study

Abstract
The 14N NQR frequencies of urea complexes with H2O2 (1:1), NH4Cl (1:1), oxalic (2:1), phosphoric (1:1), and nitric acid (1:1) at 77 °K are reported. The analysis of the NQR data indicates that the population of the N nonbonding orbital decreases and that the population of the s N–H and N–C bonds increases as the degree of protonation of the O atom of urea increases. These changes are consistent with a larger weight of structures like C = N+H2 as the protonation increases. The NQR results are in agreement with those obtained from a CNDO/2 calculation for the uronioum ion [Yu. A. Panteleev and A. A. Lipovskii, Zhu. Struk. Khim. 17, 2 (1976)].

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