Oros controlled‐release formulations of metoprolol: an approach to the development of a system for once daily administration.

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Abstract
A combined biopharmaceutical and haemodynamic approach to the development of a metoprolol Oros controlled-release delivery system for once daily administration is reported. Two studies, each involving 18 healthy volunteers, were performed in which twice daily administration of 100 mg conventional metoprolol tartrate tablets was compared with once daily administration of Oros systems containing 190 mg metoprolol fumarate but with different drug release rates. Plasma drug concentrations and beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects were measured over 24 h on days 1 and 5 of each treatment, and pre-dose in the interval between the main study days. The results of the first study with a 19 mg/h Oros system indicated that this rate was too rapid to provide the required response under steady-state dosing conditions. Theoretical calculations based on a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model and input functions for hypothetical Oros systems were then performed to define the optimal release rate for a once daily preparation. The results of the second study confirmed that a 14 mg/h system possessed the required characteristics in that it maintained more uniform beta-adrenoceptor blockade throughout 24 h, and produced pre-dosing plasma concentrations and haemodynamic effects which were identical to those for the conventional tablet twice daily regimen.