The Recent Increase in North Atlantic Wave Heights*

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Abstract
The nature and causes of the recent increase in North Atlantic wave heights are explored by combining a numerical hindcast with a statistical analysis. The numerical hindcast incorporates a 10-yr history (1980–89) of North Atlantic, twice daily wind analyses to generate a monthly averaged significant wave height (SWH) history. The hindcast compares favorably with published monthly averaged SWH observations. The link between model-generated wintertime monthly SWH and monthly averaged sea level pressure (SLP) data is determined by means of a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Within the analysis domain, most of the variance in SWH and SLP is captured by two pairs of joint patterns. The leading pair consists of a SLP dipole resembling the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and a SWH dipole in spatial quadrature relation to it. Using the CCA results, an extended statistical hindcast of monthly wave fields is generated from sea level pressure data and used to quantitatively estimate the systematic in... Abstract The nature and causes of the recent increase in North Atlantic wave heights are explored by combining a numerical hindcast with a statistical analysis. The numerical hindcast incorporates a 10-yr history (1980–89) of North Atlantic, twice daily wind analyses to generate a monthly averaged significant wave height (SWH) history. The hindcast compares favorably with published monthly averaged SWH observations. The link between model-generated wintertime monthly SWH and monthly averaged sea level pressure (SLP) data is determined by means of a canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Within the analysis domain, most of the variance in SWH and SLP is captured by two pairs of joint patterns. The leading pair consists of a SLP dipole resembling the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and a SWH dipole in spatial quadrature relation to it. Using the CCA results, an extended statistical hindcast of monthly wave fields is generated from sea level pressure data and used to quantitatively estimate the systematic in...

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