Design of Pusher‐Plate‐Type Left Ventricular Assist Device Based on Mechanical Analyses

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Abstract
A permanently implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) pump of the pusher‐plate type was designed based on mechanical analyses. A series of three different segmented polyether polyurethanes was utilized for the diaphragm, cannulae, and their blood‐contacting surfaces, considering each material's characteristics. The span and thickness of the pump diaphragm were determined so as to minimize the stress developed by the bending and blood pressure forces. The inflow and outflow cannulae were designed using fundamental equations that describe the operation of a piston‐type reciprocating pump. The pump diameter was determined considering the required flow for the average Japanese person. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed good pump performance, which satisfied the design specifications. No failure was observed in the designed diaphragm. The Hall effect sensor incorporated in the pump was very useful in monitoring the cardiac output of the pump.