Transmission and Ecology of Trypanosomatid Flagellates of Water Striders (Hemiptera: Gerridae)

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Abstract
An investigation of transmission and ecology of the monogenetic trypanosomatids, Blastocrithidia gerridis and Crithidia flexonema, in Gerris is described. Motile free-living of both trypanosomatid species occurred from naturally infected wild-caught bugs to flagellate-free laboratory-bred bugs via water. Crithidia flexonema was also transmitted to laboratory-bred bugs after being isolated in culture. Observations of experimentally infected bugs indicate that C. flexonema flagellates are imbibed and pass through the fore- and midgut to the hindgut where they become attached and multiply. There was no evidence to suggest transovarial transmission. In a 3-yr investigation into the prevalence of trypanosomatids in a natural population of adult Gerris odontogaster, it was found that the infection rate peaked for each year in late spring or early summer. The signficance of these results is discussed in relation to the ecology and behaviour of Gerris. The results indicate that the infections are maintained in hibernating bugs over winter.