Epidemiology of Hysterectomy in the United States: Demographic and Reproductive Factors in a Nationally Representative Sample

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Abstract
We describe the epidemiology of hysterectomy, overall as well as for specific indications. Data were obtained from the Epidemiologic Follow-up to the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative cohort followed prospectively from the mid-1970s through 1992. Black and white women 25-49 years of age, interviewed during follow-up, were included in the analyses. The probability of undergoing a hysterectomy was estimated by demographic and reproductive factors. Hysterectomy as confirmed by hospital records was our main outcome measure. We found that women who had completed 9-11 years of education were more likely to have undergone a hysterectomy than were women with either more or less education. Women who had completed 9-11 years of education were also more likely to have had a hysterectomy because of menstrual problems. Three or more miscarriages, especially if caused by uterine prolapse, increased the probability of hysterectomy. Having had no live births decreased the probability of hysterectomy for menstrual disorders and uterine prolapse, but women who had their first child before age 20 were at increased risk of hysterectomy because of endometriosis. Hysterectomy appears to be associated with low education, high parity, and a history of multiple miscarriages. The influence of these factors varies depending on the primary indication for the hysterectomy.