Use of a Stable Polarization Modulator in a Scanning Spectrophotometer and Ellipsometer

Abstract
An improved oscillator system is described for use in high‐frequency polarization modulation experiments. The improvement provides constant polarization modulation even when the resonant Q of the modulator crystal varies. A scanning split‐beam spectrophotometer providing digital output of optical density has been developed which is readily interchangeable with other applications of the system.