Elevation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 level in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with communicating hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a multifunctional polypeptide that controls the production of extracellular matrix protein. Platelets store a large quantity of TGF-beta 1, which is released at hemorrhage. We recently reported that human recombinant TGF-beta 1 induced communicating hydrocephalus in mice. The aim of this study was to determine whether TGF-beta 1 is related to the development of communicating hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).TGF-beta 1 in the cerebrospinal fluid of 24 patients with SAH was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels were compared between hydrocephalic and nonhydrocephalic groups. Western blot analysis was performed to determine active TGF-beta 1 in the cerebrospinal fluid.TGF-beta 1 rapidly decreased from the onset of SAH. The level of TGF-beta 1 of 13 patients showing ventricular dilatation with periventricular low density on computed tomographic scan was 1.07 +/- 0.37 ng/mL on days 12 through 14, which was significantly hi...