Patterns of perceptual change in the ages 7 to 15 years: a cross‐sectional study of the Rod‐and‐Frame Test and the spiral aftereffect technique

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Abstract
Abstract.— Studied cross‐sectional changes in Rod‐and‐Frame Test (RFT) deviation scores and spiral aftereffect (SAE) duration scores in 124 boys and 124 girls aged 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 years. The gradual decrease in magnitude of RFT deviation with age reached its minimum at the age of 13. A sex difference, disappearing with age, was adequately described by a measure of performance change, boys counteracting to a higher extent than girls the frame influence as the RFT trials proceeded. An increase in SAE duration, found previously with 5‐year‐olds, appeared here with 111‐year‐olds but later in a series of ten trials rather than initially as with the younger children. Relations between RFT and SAE scores were mainly found with 7‐year‐olds, i.e. at an age when per‐ceptual‐figural regulations may still dominate the cognitive organization of some children. The SAE results are viewed within a multi‐line developmental model characterizing cognitive growth as a dialectic process of progressive shifts between objectivized and self‐centered modes of representation.