A Simplified Liquid Feeding Program for Calves

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Abstract
In a comparison of 2 liquid feeding plans, 39 Holstein heifer calves on the conventional program received 1.59 kg of normal herd milk warmed to 32-38.degree. C twice daily until abruptly weaned at 42 days of age. The 41 calves on the restricted or simplified program received 3.18 kg of colostrum once daily to 21 days of age when abruptly weaned. The colostrum was preserved by freezing and was fed cold (2-7.degree. C). All calves received the same starter ration free-choice from birth until 60 days of age. Calves then were transferred from individual pens to common groups. Daily weight gains to 6 wk of age were greater for the conventional program (0.46 kg) than the simplified program (0.37 kg). During this period starter intake was 36% higher for the simplified program, a result apparently related to the earlier weaning age. Rates of gain (kg/day) from birth to 6, 12 and 24 mo. for the conventional and simplified programs were: 0.65, 0.64, 0.69, 0.69; and 0.58, 0.59. Body weights and withers heights at freshening were essentially equal. Services per conception and 305-day mature equivalent milk yields (kg) were 1.44 and 6111 and 1.48 and 6.389 for conventional and simplified programs. From birth through 1st lactation 5 animals were lost on the conventional and 6 on the simplified program. On the conventional program 1 calf was lost before weaning, 1 between weaning and 6 mo. of age, and 3 after 2 yr of age. Corresponding losses for the simplified program were 3, 0 and 3. Health was excellent with no discernible adverse effects resulting from the restricted liquid feeding program.