Mortality of Scots pine following inoculation with the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchusxylophilus

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Abstract
Thirteen-year-old Scots pine trees located in southeastern Iowa [USA] were inoculated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in the main bole of the tree or in the branches. Half of the trees were selected at random and destructively sampled 18 weeks after treatment. The remaining trees were harvested 50 weeks after treatment. Eighteen weeks after inoculation, 10 of the 20 branch-inoculated and 10 of the 20 stem-inoculated trees were dead or dying. Fifty weeks after inoculation, 6 of each of the remaining 10 branch- and stem-inoculated trees were dead or dying. In contrast, the control trees were symptomless at 18 and 50 weeks after treatment. An average of 224.7 nematodes/g were extracted from samples collected from inoculated branches. The numbers of nematodes and proportions of samples with nematodes declined from 18 to 50 weeks. In addition, B. xylophilus was recovered from stem samples collected from 15 of the 20 branch-inoculated trees. An average of 184.7 nematodes/g were recovered from samples collected at 1-m intervals from stem-inoculated trees. Significant differences (p < 0.01) in the distribution and numbers of nematodes in stem-inoculated trees were detected between trees with or without symptoms.

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