Modern Conceptions of the Mechanics of Fluid Turbulence

Abstract
Throughout the past century, numerous efforts have been made to understand the problem of resistance in turbulent flow, but only in recent years has a satisfactory analytical basis been laid for such research. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and interpret the modern scientific method of approach that have made such progress possible, using the subject of flow in circular pipes as the simplest and most pertinent means of illustration. After a brief discussion of pipe resistance in terms of general dimensionless parameters, the physical nature of turbulence is described qualitatively; the inner mechanism of flow is then followed from the laminar stage through the critical zone and well up into the region of high Reynolds numbers for both smooth and rough pipes.

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