Anatomic basis for and morphologic results from catheter balloon valvuloplasty of stenotic mitral valves

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Abstract
This report provides the anatomic basis for catheter balloon valvuloplasty procedures. The morphologic hallmark of mitral stenosis is commissural fusion and the major mechanism of successful balloon valvuloplasty is commissural splitting. Single and double dilating balloons are used to increase the cross‐sectional orifice area of stenotic mitral valves. Double balloons appear to improve the luminal diameter and cross‐sectional area compared with single balloons. This report also illustrates the anatomic basis for single and double balloon catheter placement and position using the transseptal approach.