Crystal and molecular structure of the alternating dodecamer d(GCGTACGTACGC) in theA-DNA form: comparison with the isomorphous non-alternating dodecamer d(CCGTACGTACGG)

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Abstract
The crystal structure of the alternating dodecamer d(GCGTACGTACGC) (5′-GC) has been determined to a resolution of 2.55Å using oscillation film data. The crystals belong to space group P61 22, a=b=46.2Å, c=71.5Å with one strand in the asymmetric unit, and are isomorphous with a previously described non-alternating dodecamer, d(CCGTACGTACGG) (5′-CC). Refinement by X-PLOR/NUCLSQ gave a final R factor of 14.2% for 1089 observatIons. The molecule adopts the A-DNA form. The interchange of the terminal base pairs in the two dodecamers results in differences in the intermolecular contacts and may account for the differences in the bending. This dodecamer shows an axial deflection of 30°, in the direction of the major groove compared to 20° in 5′-CC and may be a consequence of additional contacts generated in 5′-GC by the interchange of end base pairs. The high helical axis deflection appreciably influences the local helical parameters. The molecule exhibits relatively high inclination angles, and has a narrow major groove. The helical parameters when described relative to the dyad-related hexamer halves of the molecule give more reasonable values. The crystal packing, local helical parameters, torsion angles, and hydration are described and also compared with the non-alternating 5′-CC dodecamer.