Energy Plantations in North Central United States: Status of Research and Development Plantations

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Abstract
Research over the past two decades has developed a system of growing trees under short rotations using agronomic cultural techniques. The trees can be used for fuel or for various fiber and chip products. Short-rotation energy plantations require moderate to good quality agricultural soils of medium texture, complete tillage before planting, good hybrid stock of the Populus genus, good weed control during the 2- to 3-year establishment period, and periodic fertilization, primarily with nitrogen. Hybrid poplars can yield as much as 7 dry tlaclyr, although 4 to 5 dry tlaclyr is probably a more achievable yield under large-scale production. These yields are based on total above-ground biomass, excluding leaves. Increased production and use of wood energy have a number of advantages, of which the most important are (I) a neutral or slightly positive impact on atmospheric CO2 balance, (2) an alternative cash crop for farmers, and (3) increased energy self-sufficiency. A network of plantations has been established across six states to identify suitable hybrids, determine yield from commercial-size plantations, and provide material for harvesting trials.