Undescended Testis and Orchiopexy: Recent Observations

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Abstract
Within the past two decades, observations from a number of sources have expanded our understanding of undescended testes in children. As neonatology has grown, the observations of infants with low birth weight and knowledge of the implications of this condition for undescended testes have also increased. Information obtained from biopsy, including that from studies using electron microscopy, has suggested decreased spermatogonia in children with abdominal testes with age, indicating a need for medical or surgical intervention soon after 1 year of age. The effects of orchiopexy and hormonal manipulations to assure fertility in adulthood have been clarified to the extent that an algorithm for patient management can be constructed.

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