Electrical and optical properties of transition-metal oxides

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Abstract
Transition-metal oxides can be insulators, semiconductors, metals, or undergo semiconductor-metal transitions. The nonmetallic materials are characterized by a primarily localized optical spectrum but a band-like electrical conductivity. However, a pure band approach predicts metallic rather than nonmetallic behavior, and so cannot be used without serious modification. Agreement with the optical and electrical results can be obtained by requiring the d electrons to be almost completely localized. The primarily p-type semiconduction which occurs must then take place in the 2p band associated with the oxygen ions. A method for representing the strongly-correlated localized levels on an effective one-electron density-of-states diagram is discussed.

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