Stationarity of speckle in laser refraction

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Abstract
The equation that describes the tangential focal conditions for a curved grating is found to be a natural solution for the position of the plane of stationarity in laser refraction. It is also found that the imaging equation of the macroscopic surface treated as a mirror is a particular solution when (1) the observation is in the specular direction or (2) the incidence and observation directions are close to the normal to the surface. When speckle is viewed in this way, some errors in previous research on speckle motion are brought to light.