Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Antiviral Agents against Human Herpesvirus 6

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Abstract
Antiviral activities of acyclovir (9‐[(2‐hydroxyethoxy) methyl] guanine, ACV), penciclovir (9‐[4‐hydroxy‐3‐(hydroxymethyl) butyl] guanine, PCV), ganciclovir ([9‐(1,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐propoxy) methyl] guanine, GCV), and foscarnet (phosphonoformic acid, PFA) were determined against Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) by flow cytometric technique. The technique is based on the detection of gp116 antigen expression in virus infected cells. Susceptibility was defined in terms of drug concentration which reduced the number of cells expressing HHV‐6 gp116 antigen with a mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) by 50% as compared to virus infected untreated cells. GCV was found to be most effective against HHV‐6 followed by PFA, PCV and ACV. For HHV‐6A, the mean 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of GCV and PFA were found to be 3.4 μm and 34.7 μm respectively, whereas the IC50 of ACV and PCV were found to be 53.7 μm and 37.9 μm respectively. For HHV‐6B, the IC50 of GCV and PFA were found to be 5.7 μm and 71.4 μm respectively, whereas the IC50 of ACV and PCV were found to be 119.0 μm and 77.8 μm respectively. Flow cytometry is a valuable technique for the evaluation of antiviral compounds against viruses including HHV‐6.