Anticardiolipin antibodies in homosexual men: Prevalence and lack of association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

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Abstract
Tests for anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL) on sera from 100 male homosexuals and 60 male heterosexuals showed that 57% of the homosexuals, in contrast to none of the heterosexuals, were ACL positive. The ACL were predominantly of the immunoglobulin G isotype and, in a high proportion of cases tested (82%), were reactive with other phospholipids, especially those with a negative charge. ACL were not related to the clinical status of the homosexuals, being evenly distributed among 40 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 20 with AIDS-related complex (ARC), 20 with asymptomatic infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or lymphadenopathy syndrome, and 20 who were HIV-antibody negative. Nor were they associated with thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, neurologic disease, a biological false-positive test for syphilis (BFP), or antibodies to DNA. It is concluded that factors other than infection with HIV are responsible for ACL positivity in homosexual males and that the epitopes recognized by ACL in this group are distinct from those associated with thromboembolism or the BFP reaction or cross-reactive with DNA.