Diffusion approximations to linear stochastic difference equations with stationary coefficients

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Abstract
It is shown that solutions to linear first-order stochastic difference equations with stationary autocorrelated coefficients converge weakly inD[0,1] to an Ito stochastic integral plus a correction term when the time scale is shifted so that the means, variances, and covariances of the coefficients all approach zero at the same rate. Other limit theorems applicable to different time scale shifts are also given. These results yield two different continuous time limits to a recent model of Roughgarden (1975) for population growth in stationary random environments. One limit, an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, is applicable in the presence of rapidly fluctuating autocorrelated environments; the other limit, which is not a diffusion process, applies to the case of slowly varying, highly autocorrelated environments. Other applications in population biology and genetics are discussed.