Analysis of the Morphology of the Unipolar Endocardial Paced Evoked Response

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Abstract
In a retrospective study we analyzed the unipolar endocardial evoked response signal (ERS) of 103 patients prior to pacemaker implantation. The objective of this study was to give a complete description of the ERS morphology and to evaluate influences on this morphology of both various electrode characteristics and pacing rate. In addition, spontaneous endocardial signals were studied. The results demonstrate that acute leads had both higher R wave and T wave amplitudes and a faster downslope of the T wave. In the acute leads those with porous titanium carbon coated tips showed a more pronounced T wave. Pacing rate influences the R wave amplitude and the stimulus to T wave interval. Both stimulus to maximum and stimulus to minimum T wave interval show an exponential correlation with the stimulus interval. The interval between maximum and minimum of the T wave and the absolute amplitude of T wave are not influenced by rate. Although there were significant correlations of the spontaneous endocardial signal with the ERS, the predictive value of the spontaneous signal for the ERS morphology is low. Prospective studies will be necessary to confirm the findings in this study.