Peptide N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP) activates capsaicin‐sensitive primary afferent nerves in guinea‐pig atria and urinary bladder

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Abstract
We have investigated the ability of the N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP) a synthetic analogue of a chemotactic peptide derived from a variety of bacteria, to activate capsaicin‐sensitive primary afferents in the guinea‐pig atria and urinary bladder. In the isolated, electrically‐driven left atria from reserpine‐pretreated guinea‐pigs (atropine in the bath), FMLP (3 nm–1 μm) produced a biphasic positive inotropic response. The late component of this response was selectively abolished by in vitro capsaicin pretreatment while both the early and late responses were abolished by indomethacin. The inotropic response to FMLP in the guinea‐pig atria was unaffected by ruthenium red. The late but not the early response was strongly inhibited or abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX), ω‐conotoxin (CTX) or by the C‐terminal fragment (8–37) of human ω‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide (hCGRP). hCGRP‐(8–37) acts as competitive antagonist at CGRP receptors. In the guinea‐pig isolated bladder, FMLP (10 nm–10 μm) produced a concentration‐dependent contraction which was unchanged by previous in vitro capsaicin, TTX or CTX pretreatment. The response to low concentrations of FMLP was suppressed by indomethacin, irrespective of the capsaicin pretreatment. FMLP (10 μm) produced a significant increase in the outflow of CGRP‐like immunoreactivity (CGRP‐LI) from superfused guinea‐pig atria or urinary bladder. CGRP‐LI outflow induced by FMLP was blocked by indomethacin or in vitro capsaicin pretreatment. These findings indicate that FMLP activates the ‘efferent’ function of capsaicin‐sensitive primary afferents via prostanoid generation. This action could provide a neurogenic contribution to the overall inflammatory response produced by bacteria‐derived peptides in inflamed tissues. In addition the present data indicate that endogenous prostanoids generated during exposure to FMLP produce peptide secretion from sensory nerves via a TTX‐ and CTX‐sensitive but ruthenium red‐resistant mechanism.

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