The effect of area of application on the intensity of response to a cutaneous irritant

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Abstract
Summary The intensity of the cutaneous response was assessed after application of a standard irritant to increasing areas of normal forearn skin. Twenty subjects were tested to determine the minimal irritant does (MID) to dilutions of aqueous sodium dodecyl sulphate. Each subject was then treated under occlusion for a period of 24 hours with different areas of filter paper (9.25,100, 225 and 400 mm2) soaked with the concentration required to give the individual's MID. At 25 and 48 hours the degree of erythema was assessed using a 0–4 arbitrary scale, a 10‐cm visual analogue scale (VAS) and an erythema meter. Cutaneous blood flow was measured with a laser‐Doppler device and cutaneous oedema measured by pulsed A‐scan ultrasound. The results at 25and 48hours were almost identical. Both forms of visual assessment (arbitrary scale and VAS) showed an increase in perceived erythema with increasing area and this was confirmed by the erythema meter. Further area‐related changes were noted with both cutaneous blood flow and ultrasound measurements.