The pre-erythrocytic development of Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium viv ax

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Abstract
The authors present evidence of the presence of exo-erythrocytic stages in the life cycle of P. vivax, and further details on similar stages in the cycle of P. cynomolgi. Infection in both humans and monkeys was obtained through the bites of naturally infected mosquitoes plus the injn. of the ground silvary glands of the same mosquitoes. All mosquitoes had acquired their infections through feeding on gametocyte-carrying malaria cases. Liver biopsies and autopsies on monkeys showed exo-erythrocytic forms appearing from the 5th to the 10th day after infection as parasites of liver cells. Liver biopsies on a human volunteer were made only on the 7th day after infection and stages very similar to those from the monkey were observed. In each case schizogony and merozoite formation within the liver cells preceeded the appearance of clinical symptoms and blood parasitemia. This article contains the first definite proof of the predicted exo-erythrocytic stage of any of the plasmodia found in man.

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