An electrostatic lens for polar-angle selection of photoemitted electrons

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Abstract
A type of electron lens is described, which selects the polar angle of electrons in an angle-resolved photoemission experiment. The lens consists of six electrodes having cylindrical symmetry coaxial with the sample and the analyser, which is of the cylindrical mirror type. An electron leaving the sample with the selected polar angle, in the range 20-70 degrees , is deflected in such a way that it leaves the lens with the particular polar angle that is accepted by the analyser. The properties of the lens have been derived from both experiments and numerical calculations. The focusing properties are discussed in terms of a linear transformation in phase space. Some examples are presented in detail.

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