Abstract
The purpose of this article is to argue for the viability, and the logic, of a distinctive approach to planning economic development and socialist transition in poor economies. The components of this distinctive approach are: more decentralised, and popularly‐based, planning and control of accumulation; the close interlinking of investment in social services and in rural production; and an emphasis on intervention in the market as a tool of socialist planning. The article therefore presents an argument about economic planning intended to be relevant to a range of countries with similar general aims and problems. However, the ideas are developed here, as they were in practice, through a reflection on our own understanding of planning andits problems in Mozambique during the first ten years of that country's independence.1

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