THE CARDIOHEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF VENOUS CONGESTION OF THE LEGS OR OF PHLEBOTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE 1

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Abstract
By the use of intracardiac catheterization measurements effects of venesection or venous congestion of the extremities on the cardiac output, intracardiac pressures, and other hemodynamic data were obtained in normal subjects, patients with valvular and non-valvular heart disease and patients with chronic pulmonary disease. Normal subjects, patients with compensated cardiovascular disease, and patients with cor pulmonale with or without failure had a fall in cardiac output. Patients with congestive failure due to valvular or non-valvular heart disease usually had a slight rise, occasionally no change, or rarely a slight fall in cardiac output. The response in cardiac output was not necessarily accompanied by a change in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure. A reduction in the pulmonary arterial pressure was not consistently observed.