Sex chromosome polymorphism in the Simulium tuberosum complex (Lundström) (Diptera: Simuliidae)

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Abstract
These studies on the Simulium tuberosum complex have revealed the presence of a number of closely related sibling species which are distinguished by the banding pattern on their sex chromosomes. Collections were made over wide geographic areas of North America and the distributions of the various types found were recorded. Included are areas in northeastern United States with sites at which a number of the sibling species are sympatric. At these sites the separation of one taxa from another is not clear and a number of intra- and inter-sibling sex chromosome polymorphisms were detected. Included in these polymorphs were larvae with unusual chromosome combinations, including females with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Arguments are made for some of the divisions as distinct species and for sex chromosome polymorphism in others. Based on the evidence of the geographic distribution, it is suggested that the area of sympatry in which polymorphism in all of the division of the complex was found is a primary zone of speciation.

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