Flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in municipal waste: a substance flow analysis in Finland
Open Access
- 1 January 2004
- journal article
- Published by Inderscience Publishers in Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal
- Vol. 1 (1/2/3) , 165
- https://doi.org/10.1504/pie.2004.004677
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two nutrients contributing to several environmental problems, particularly eutrophication of surface waters. Leakages of these nutrients occur through human activity. In this study, the flows of N and P in the Finnish municipal waste system in 1952–1999 were determined and analysed using substance flow analysis (SFA). Nutrient flows in both wastewaters and solid waste peaked in 1990, after which they declined until 1994 but thereafter increased again although remaining lower than in 1990. At the end of the 1990s the wastewater and solid waste from municipalities and rural households contained ca. 7.0 kg N personKeywords
This publication has 0 references indexed in Scilit: