Abstract
The modern Hindu use of the “five products of the cow” (milk, curd, ghi, urine, and dung) in ritual purification is examined. The five products’ value in such purification today, as in ancient India, is clearly linked to the sanctity of the cow. The earliest Indian literary reference to the five products being used in ritual purification, moreover, dates from the same historical period that the sacred cow concept itself developed. Thus it is almost certain that the rise of the sacred cow concept led to the use of the five products of the cow in ritual purification, a classic example of the influence of religious beliefs on the use of food and other resources.

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