The actions of a red tide toxin from Ptychodiscus brevis on single sodium channels in mammalian neuroblastoma cells

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Abstract
The actions of brevetoxin (PbTX-3) were studied on single, voltage-dependent sodium channels and whole-cell currents from the neuroblastoma × glioma cell line NG108-15. Purified PbTX-3 shifted the activation of sodium channels to membrane potentials negative to normal. PbTX-3 did not alter the single-channel mean open lifetime, suggesting that the toxin does not change the rate of sodium channel inactivation from the open state. There was also no change in single-channel conductance. These results indicate that brevetoxin increases sodium current at rest by shifting the voltage dependence of channel activation and that the resulting depolarization is limited by channel inactivation.